Mallory Weiss syndrome (esophageal tear)

Description

This refers to superficial tears in the connective wall of the stomach and esophagus, which occur in forced vomiting, prolonged vomiting, and persistent cough or in alcoholics. These tears may cause severe bleedings. Any disorder which causes vomiting or cough may cause this disorder.

Symptoms

Vomiting blood, vomiting dark content like coffee ground, bloody stool, dark stool (melena), chest pain.

Overview

History of disease is being taken and physical examination is being done. Additional tests include: EGDS (esophagogastroduodenoscopy), blood count, blood coagulation test, X-rays and/or CT scan to exclude rupture of the esophagus.

Tests

Complete blood count (CBC), biochemical blood analysis, CT scan and X-rays.

Additional analyses

EGDS (esophagogastroduodenoscopy), PT (prothrombin time), PTT (partial thromboplastin time).

Specialists

Gastroenterology

Therapy

Tears and bleeding usually resolve without special treatments. Surgery is rarely necessary. Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, pantoprazole), or H2 blockers (ranitidine) may be given. Blood transfusion may be needed if the bleeding is severe. Excessive bleeding or persistent bleeding may require endoscopy or surgery.