Inflammation of breast tissue - Mastitis

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast that most often affects women who are breastfeeding, but it can also occur in women who are not breastfeeding, and even in men. This condition can cause discomfort and pain, and if it isn't treated adequately, it can lead to serious complications. Mastitis is usually divided into lactating, which occurs during breastfeeding, and non-lactating, which may be due to infection or other factors.

How does mastitis occur?

As we have already mentioned, mastitis is divided into lactating and non-lactating mastitis, and the causes of its occurrence are different.

Lactational mastitis most often occurs due to stagnation of milk in the breasts, when the milk duct is blocked, which creates a suitable environment for the development and reproduction of bacteria. This inflammation can affect any woman but is most common in the first 6 months of breastfeeding. The most common cause of bacterial mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus, although other bacteria such as Streptococcus and Escherichia coli may be involved, which enter the milk ducts through cracks in the nipples. Stagnation of milk can be the result of improper emptying of the breasts, irregular breastfeeding, or poor breastfeeding technique, regarding the baby's poor grip on the breast.

When it comes to non-lactational mastitis, it can be caused by trauma to the breast, a puncture of the skin, for example, due to a piercing, or the presence of cysts and abscesses. In postmenopausal women, mastitis can occur due to changes in the milk ducts, which creates conditions for the development of inflammation.

Symptoms of mastitis

Symptoms of mastitis usually include pain and tenderness in the affected area of ​​the breast and redness and swelling. However, elevated body temperature and fever, fatigue, and general weakness, as well as hard or tender lumps in the breast may also occur.

In bacterial mastitis, the symptoms are much more pronounced and progress very quickly, while in the non-lactating form, the symptoms can be milder and develop gradually.

Diagnosis and treatment of mastitis

The diagnosis of mastitis is based on history, clinical examination, and laboratory analyses. The doctor usually takes a swab from the milk to identify the bacteria present and determine which antibiotics to take. In cases where an abscess is suspected, a breast ultrasound is useful to confirm the diagnosis itself.

Treatment of mastitis depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In non-infectious mastitis, the application of warm compresses, breast massage, and more frequent breastfeeding or milk expression can help relieve symptoms. In case of bacterial infection, antibiotics are used, usually from the group of penicillins or cephalosporins. In more severe cases, when an abscess forms drainage may be necessary. Also, it's important to ensure enough rest and hydration so that the body can fight the infection as successfully as possible.

Prevention of mastitis

Prevention of mastitis includes proper breastfeeding technique, avoiding breast overfilling, and quick response to the first signs of milk stagnation. Changing breastfeeding positions regularly and avoiding long breaks between feeds can also reduce the risk of developing this condition. A very practical thing for new mothers in the first days of breastfeeding is the false, artificial nipples made of silicone, which help mother and baby to make breastfeeding as comfortable as possible for both.

Mastitis is a common problem in breastfeeding mothers, but it can also occur in other circumstances. Early recognition of symptoms and adequate treatment are key to preventing complications. Education about proper breast care and breastfeeding techniques, as well as different aids and pumps, plays an important role in preventing this condition.

*This text is intended for informational purposes only. If you experience any symptoms, it is recommended that you seek advice from your doctor or a qualified healthcare professional.*

*Image taken from the site:https://pixabay.com/photos/breastfeeding-newborn-baby-mother-2090396/

References

Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Mastitis. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15613-mastitis

National Health Service (NHS). (n.d.). Mastitis. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mastitis/